《人民的名义》网络版权持有方：初步锁定样片泄密源
Progresivizmi ?sht? nj? filozofi politike dhe l?vizje reformuese me prirje t? majt? q? k?rkon t? avancoj? gjendjen njer?zore p?rmes reform?s sociale, kryesisht bazuar n? p?rparimet e supozuara n? organizimin shoq?ror, shkenc?n dhe teknologjin? . [1]
Hyrje
[Redakto | Redakto n?p?rmjet kodit]P?rkrah?sit e k?saj l?vizje mendojn? se progresivizmi ka zbatim universal dhe p?rpiqen ta p?rhapin k?t? ide n? shoq?rit? njer?zore kudo. Progresivizmi u ngrit gjat? epok?s s? iluminizmit nga besimi se qytet?rimi n? Evrop? po p?rmir?sohej p?r shkak t? aplikimit t? njohurive t? reja empirike .
N? diskursin politik modern, progresivizmi shpesh lidhet me liberalizmin social, [2] nj? lloj liberalizmi me prirje t? majt? dhe demokracin? sociale . [3] [4] Brenda progresivizmit ekonomik, ka nj? far? larmie ideologjike n? vazhdim?sin? social-liberale n? socialdemokrate, si dhe her? pas here disa ndryshime n? ??shtjet kulturore; shembuj t? k?saj p?rfshijn? disa l?vizje komunitare kristian-demokrate dhe me prirje konservatore. [5] [6] Nd?rsa shum? ideologji mund t? bien n?n flamurin e progresivizmit, si l?vizja aktuale ashtu edhe ajo historike karakterizohen nga nj? kritik? e kapitalizmit t? parregulluar, duke d?shiruar nj? qeveri demokratike m? aktive p?r t? marr? nj? rol n? mbrojtjen e t? drejtave t? njeriut, duke sjell? zhvillimin kulturor dhe duke qen? nj? kontroll dhe ekuilib?r mbi monopolet e korporatave. [7] [8] Ka dallime n? qasjet specifike midis fraksioneve, duke p?rfshir? social liberal?t me prirje kapitaliste dhe socialdemokrat?t kundrejt disa socialist?ve demokrat? antikapitalist?. [9] [10]
Immanuel Kant e identifikoi p?rparimin si nj? l?vizje larg nga barbaria drejt qytet?rimit . [11] Filozofi dhe politologu i shekullit t? 18-t? Marquis de Condorcet parashikoi se p?rparimi politik do t? p?rfshinte zhdukjen e skllav?ris?, rritjen e shkrim-leximit, pak?simin e pabarazis? seksuale, reform?n e burgjeve, t? cilat n? at? koh? ishin t? ashpra dhe r?nien e varf?ris?.
Historia
[Redakto | Redakto n?p?rmjet kodit]Moderniteti ose modernizimi ishte nj? form? kryesore e ides? s? p?rparimit, si? u promovua nga liberal?t klasik? n? shekujt 19 dhe 20, t? cil?t k?rkuan modernizimin e shpejt? t? ekonomis? dhe shoq?ris? p?r t? hequr pengesat tradicionale p?r tregjet e lira dhe l?vizjen e lir? t? njer?zve. [12]
N? fund t? shekullit t? 19-t?, nj? pik?pamje politike u rrit n? popullaritet n? bot?n per?ndimore se p?rparimi po mbytej nga pabarazia e madhe ekonomike midis t? pasurve dhe t? varf?rve, kapitalizmi laissez-faire i rregulluar minimalisht me korporata monopoliste jasht? kontrollit, konflikte intensive dhe shpesh t? dhunshme midis kapitalist?ve dhe pun?tor?ve, me nevoj?n p?r masa p?r t? adresuar k?to probleme. [13] Progresivizmi ka ndikuar n? l?vizje t? ndryshme politike. Liberalizmi social u ndikua nga koncepti i filozofit liberal britanik John Stuart Mill p?r njer?zit q? ishin "qenie progresive". Kryeministri britanik Benjamin Disraeli zhvilloi konservatoriz?m progresiv n?n torizmin e nj? kombi .
N? Franc?, hap?sira midis revolucionit social dhe qendr?s s? djatht? socialisht konservatore laissez-faire u mbush me shfaqjen e radikalizmit, i cili mendonte se p?rparimi shoq?ror k?rkonte antiklerikaliz?m, humaniz?m dhe republikaniz?m . Ve?an?risht antiklerikalizmi ishte ndikimi dominues n? qendr?n e majt? n? shum? vende franceze dhe romantike deri n? mesin e shekullit t? 20-t?. N? Gjermanin? Perandorake, kancelari Otto von Bismarck miratoi masa t? ndryshme progresive t? mir?qenies sociale nga motivimet konservatore paternaliste p?r t? larguar pun?tor?t nga l?vizja socialiste e koh?s dhe si m?nyra humane p?r t? ndihmuar n? ruajtjen e Revolucionit Industrial .
N? vitin 1891, enciklika e Kish?s Katolike Romake Rerum novarum e l?shuar nga Papa Leo XIII d?noi shfryt?zimin e pun?s dhe k?rkoi mb?shtetje p?r sindikatat dhe rregullimin qeveritar t? bizneseve n? interes t? drejt?sis? sociale, duke mbrojtur t? drejt?n e pron?s dhe duke kritikuar socializmin. Nj? k?ndv?shtrim progresiv protestant i quajtur Ungjilli Social u shfaq n? Amerik?n e Veriut q? u p?rqendrua n? sfidimin e shfryt?zimit ekonomik dhe varf?ris? dhe, nga mesi i viteve 1890, ishte i zakonsh?m n? shum? seminare teologjike protestante n? Shtetet e Bashkuara.
Progresivizmi i fillimit t? shekullit t? 20-t? p?rfshinte mb?shtetjen p?r angazhimin amerikan n? Luft?n e Par? Bot?rore dhe krijimin dhe pjes?marrjen n? Lidhjen e Kombeve, [14] [15] sterilizimin e detyruesh?m n? Skandinavi, [16] dhe eugjenik?n n? Britanin? e Madhe, [17] dhe l?vizjen e maturis? . [18] Progresist?t besonin se progresi ishte mbytur nga pabarazia ekonomike, korporatat monopoliste t? rregulluara n? m?nyr? joadekuate dhe konflikti midis pun?tor?ve dhe elitave, duke argumentuar se nevojiteshin masa korrigjuese. [19]
Shih edhe
[Redakto | Redakto n?p?rmjet kodit]Literatura
[Redakto | Redakto n?p?rmjet kodit]- Dudley, Larkin Sims. "Enduring narratives from progressivism." International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior 7.3 (2003): 315–340.
- Eisenach, Eldon J., ed. Social and Political Thought of American Progressivism. (Hackett Publishing, 2006).
- Frohman, Larry. "The Break-Up of the Poor Laws—German Style: Progressivism and the Origins of the Welfare State, 1900–1918." Comparative Studies in Society and History 50.4 (2008): 981–1009.
- Jackson, Ben. "Equality and the British Left: A study in progressive political thought, 1900-64." in Equality and the British Left (2013)
- Kloppenberg, James T. Uncertain Victory: Social Democracy and Progressivism in European and American Thought, 1870–1920. Oxford University Press, US, 1988. ISBN 0195053044.
- Lakoff, George. Don't Think of an Elephant: Know Your Values and Frame the Debate. Chelsea Green Publishing, 2004. ISBN 1931498717.
- Link, Arthur S. and McCormick, Richard L. Progressivism (American History Series). Harlan Davidson, 1983. ISBN 0882958143.
- McGerr, Michael. A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America, 1870–1920. 2003.
- Nugent, Walter. Progressivism: A very short introduction (Oxford University Press, 2009).
- Petrow, Stefan. "Progressivism in Australia: the case of John Daniel Fitzgerald, 1900-1922." Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society 90.1 (2004): 53–74.
- Sawyer, Stephen, and William J. Novak. "Emancipation and the creation of modern liberal states in America and France." Journal of the civil war era 3.4 (2013): 467–500. online[lidhje e vdekur p?rfundimisht]
- Schutz, Aaron. Social Class, Social Action, and Education: The Failure of Progressive Democracy Arkivuar 14 janar 2025 tek Wayback Machine. Palgrave, Macmillan, 2010. ISBN 9780230105911.
- Tr?hler, Daniel. Progressivism. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. Oxford University Press, 2017.
Referime
[Redakto | Redakto n?p?rmjet kodit]- ^ "Progressivism in English". Oxford English Dictionary. Arkivuar nga origjinali m? 21 mars 2019. Marr? m? 2 maj 2017.
{{cite web}}: Mungon ose ?sht? bosh parametri|language=(Ndihm?!) - ^ Klaus P. Fischer, red. (2007). America in White, Black, and Gray: A History of the Stormy 1960s. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. fq. 39.
{{cite book}}: Mungon ose ?sht? bosh parametri|language=(Ndihm?!) - ^ Gerstle, Gary (2022). The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order: America and the World in the Free Market Era. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0197519646. Arkivuar nga origjinali m? 26 qershor 2022. Marr? m? 1 gusht 2024.
The most sweeping account of how neoliberalism came to dominate American politics for nearly a half century before crashing against the forces of Trumpism on the right and a new progressivism on the left.
{{cite book}}: Mungon ose ?sht? bosh parametri|language=(Ndihm?!) - ^ "America Is Becoming a Social Democracy". Foreign Policy. 7 maj 2021. Marr? m? 24 tetor 2024.
{{cite web}}: Mungon ose ?sht? bosh parametri|language=(Ndihm?!) - ^ "Did you know there's a third party based on Catholic teaching?". Catholic News Agency. 12 tetor 2016. Marr? m? 24 dhjetor 2021.
Politically, we would be considered center-right on social issues
{{cite news}}: Mungon ose ?sht? bosh parametri|language=(Ndihm?!) - ^ "New political party says its roots are in Catholic Social Teaching". 26 n?ntor 2018. Marr? m? 17 n?ntor 2021.
I was working on my doctoral dissertation largely concerning difficulties and opportunities for socially conservative, economically progressive movements, and desired to get involved in such movements ... and was glad to see that ASP was interested in applying such ways of thinking to contemporary issues.
{{cite web}}: Mungon ose ?sht? bosh parametri|language=(Ndihm?!) - ^ Gerstle, Gary (2022). The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order: America and the World in the Free Market Era. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0197519646. Arkivuar nga origjinali m? 26 qershor 2022. Marr? m? 1 gusht 2024.
The most sweeping account of how neoliberalism came to dominate American politics for nearly a half century before crashing against the forces of Trumpism on the right and a new progressivism on the left.
{{cite book}}: Mungon ose ?sht? bosh parametri|language=(Ndihm?!) - ^ "America Is Becoming a Social Democracy". Foreign Policy. 7 maj 2021. Marr? m? 24 tetor 2024.
{{cite web}}: Mungon ose ?sht? bosh parametri|language=(Ndihm?!) - ^ "After a Decade of Left-Populism, What Have We Learned About Political Change?". Washington Monthly. 16 janar 2024. Marr? m? 24 tetor 2024.
{{cite web}}: Mungon ose ?sht? bosh parametri|language=(Ndihm?!) - ^ "Hillary Clinton on flip-flop charge: 'I'm a progressive, but I'm a progressive who likes to get things done'". The Week. 13 tetor 2015. Marr? m? 24 tetor 2024.
{{cite web}}: Mungon ose ?sht? bosh parametri|language=(Ndihm?!) - ^ Kant, Immanuel; Reiss, Hans Siegbert (1991). "Kant: political writings". Cambridge [England]; New York: Cambridge University Press.
{{cite web}}: Mungon ose ?sht? bosh parametri|language=(Ndihm?!) - ^ Joyce Appleby; Lynn Hunt & Margaret Jacob (1995). Telling the Truth about History. W. W. Norton & Company. fq. 78. ISBN 9780393078916.
{{cite book}}: Mungon ose ?sht? bosh parametri|language=(Ndihm?!) - ^ Nugent, Walter (2010). Progressivism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. fq. 2. ISBN 9780195311068.
{{cite book}}: Mungon ose ?sht? bosh parametri|language=(Ndihm?!) - ^ Freeden, Michael (2005). Liberal Languages: Ideological Imaginations and Twentieth-Century Progressive Thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press. fq. 144–165. ISBN 9780691116778.
{{cite book}}: Mungon ose ?sht? bosh parametri|language=(Ndihm?!) - ^ Ambrosius, Lloyd E. (2006). "Woodrow Wilson, Alliances, and the League of Nations". The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. 5 (2): 139–165. doi:10.1017/S153778140000298X.
{{cite journal}}: Mungon ose ?sht? bosh parametri|language=(Ndihm?!) - ^ Roll-Hansen, Nils (1989). "Geneticists and the Eugenics Movement in Scandinavia". The British Journal for the History of Science. 22 (3): 335–346. doi:10.1017/S0007087400026194. JSTOR 4026900. PMID 11621984.
{{cite journal}}: Mungon ose ?sht? bosh parametri|language=(Ndihm?!) - ^ Leonard, Thomas (2005). "Retrospectives: Eugenics and Economics in the Progressive Era" (PDF). Journal of Economic Perspectives. 19 (4): 207–224. doi:10.1257/089533005775196642. Arkivuar (PDF) nga origjinali m? 20 gusht 2017. Marr? m? 22 tetor 2017.
{{cite journal}}: Mungon ose ?sht? bosh parametri|language=(Ndihm?!) - ^ "Prohibition: A Case Study of Progressive Reform". Library of Congress. Marr? m? 4 tetor 2017.
{{cite web}}: Mungon ose ?sht? bosh parametri|language=(Ndihm?!) - ^ Nugent, Walter (2010). Progressivism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. fq. 2. ISBN 9780195311068.
{{cite book}}: Mungon ose ?sht? bosh parametri|language=(Ndihm?!)